There is a vast difference a Constitutional difference between restrictions imposed by the state which prohibit the intellectual commingling of students, and the refusal of individuals to commingle where the state presents no such bar. Following this decision, the Oklahoma legislature amended these statutes to permit the admission of Negroes to institutions of higher learning attended by white students, in cases where such institutions offered courses not available in the Negro schools. (c) Having been admitted to a state-supported graduate school, appellant must receive the same treatment at the hands of the State as students of other races. 1149], the Court, in requiring that a Negro admitted to a white graduate school be treated like all other students, again resorted to intangible considerations: his ability to study, to engage in discussions and exchange views with other students, and, in general, to learn his profession. It may be argued that appellant will be in no better position when these restrictions are removed, for he may still be set apart by his fellow students. The removal of the state restrictions will not necessarily abate individual and group predilections, prejudices and choices. Appellant [339 U.S. 637, 640] was thereupon admitted to the University of Oklahoma Graduate School. Yes. 526. He is now assigned to a seat in the classroom in a row specified for colored students; he is assigned to a table in the library on the main floor; and he is permitted to eat at the same time in the cafeteria as other students, although here again he is assigned to a special table. The Act secured the right to vote for minorities in the South. 0000071254 00000 n 0000067670 00000 n (1941) 455, 456, 457, which made it a misdemeanor to maintain or operate, teach or attend a school at which both whites and Negroes are enrolled or taught. [1] The unanimous decision was delivered on the same day as another case involving similar issues, Sweatt v. Painter. These factors are elemental to robust education. Brianna has her undergraduate degree in English Education and her master's degree in Urban Education. Those who will come under his guidance and influence must be directly affected by the education he receives. Reversing, the Supreme Court of the United States held that a state could not treat a student differently from other students on the basis of race as theFourteenth Amendmentprecludes such differences in treatment. US Supreme Court. WebMcLaurin v Oklahoma showed how the "separate but equal" provision can still be manipulated in a way that discriminates against individuals on the basis of race. It is said that the separations imposed by the State in this case are in form merely nominal. But at the very least, the state will not be depriving appellant of the opportunity to secure acceptance by his fellow students on his own merits. The amendment provided, however, that in such cases the program of instruction shall be given at such colleges or institutions of higher education upon a segregated basis [1]. Pursuant to a requirement of state law that the instruction of Negroes in institutions of higher education be "upon a segregated basis," however, he was assigned to a seat in the classroom in a row specified for Negro students, was assigned to a special table in the library, and, although permitted to eat in the cafeteria at the same time as other students, was assigned to a special table there. The Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture, Oklahoma Heritage Preservation Grant Program. 1149, the Supreme Court had held that it was a denial of the equal protection guaranteed by the Fourteenth Amendment for a state to segregate on the ground of race a student who had been admitted to an institution of higher learning. This appeal followed. O'Gorman & Young, Inc. v. Hartford Fire Insurance Co. Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization, Planned Parenthood of Central Missouri v. Danforth, City of Akron v. Akron Center for Reproductive Health, Thornburgh v. American College of Obstetricians & Gynecologists, Ohio v. Akron Center for Reproductive Health, Ayotte v. Planned Parenthood of Northern New England. On the assumption, however, that the State would follow the constitutional mandate, the court refused to grant the injunction, retaining jurisdiction of the cause with full power to issue any necessary and proper orders to secure McLaurin the equal protection of the laws. However, the court did not issue any injunctive relief as requested by the plaintiff but rather relied "on the assumption that the law having been declared, the State will comply.". Where a black student was admitted to a state-supported graduate school, he must receive the same treatment at the hands ofthe state as students of other races. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Footnotes Appellant was thereupon admitted to the University of Oklahoma Graduate School. In the McLaurin case, the U.S. Supreme Court found that the University of Oklahoma had violated the equal protection clause because the experience needed for a good education could not be accomplished by physically separating McLaurin. The proceedings below are stated in the opinion. WebThe school districts appealed, claiming that the federal courts did not have jurisdiction over education, but the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals ultimately upheld McCormicks decision on April 14, 1947, ruling that the schools actions violated California law. Our society grows increasingly complex, and our need for trained leaders increases correspondingly. George McLaurin, Educator born Such restrictions impair and inhibit his ability to study, to engage in discussions and exchange views with other students, and, in general, to learn his profession. Held: The conditions under which appellant is required to receive his education deprive him of his personal and present right to the equal protection of the laws; and the Fourteenth Amendment precludes such differences in treatment by the State based upon race. [1], Chief Justice Frederick Vinson, writing for the court, argued that the actions of the University of Oklahoma violated the student's constitutional right to equal protection under the Fourteenth Amendment. The judgment below is. 526. Plessy v. Ferguson A Black individual was admitted to the graduate school at the University of Oklahoma to pursue a doctorate in education. copyright 2003-2023 Study.com. In this ruling and its companion case, Sweatt v. Painter, decided on the same day, the Supreme Court held that African American students must receive the same treatment as all other students in the realm of higher education. It may be argued that appellant will be in no better position when these restrictions are removed, for he may still be set apart by his fellow students. 638-642. McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents | Definition & Facts Their own education and development will necessarily suffer to the extent that his training is unequal to that of his classmates. There is a vast differencea Constitutional differencebetween restrictions imposed by the state which prohibit the intellectual commingling of students, and the refusal of individuals to commingle where the state presents no such bar. Pp. The case began when the University of Oklahoma denied George W. McLaurin admission to its graduate program in education, citing the segregation statute, which made it a misdemeanor to operate a school in which both blacks and whites were taught. Briefs of amici curiae, supporting appellant, were filed by Solicitor General Perlman and Philip Elman for the United States; Paul G. Annes for the American Federation of Teachers; Phineas Indritz for the American Veterans Committee, Inc.; Arthur J. Goldberg for the Congress of Industrial Organizations; Edward J. Ennis and Saburo Kido for the Japanese American Citizens League; and Arthur Garfield Hays and Eugene Nickerson for the American Civil Liberties Union. At the time, Oklahoma law prohibited schools from instructing blacks and whites together. Oklahoma Historical Society800 Nazih Zuhdi Drive, Oklahoma City, OK 73105 | 405-521-2491Site Index | Contact Us | Privacy | Press Room | Website Inquiries, Get Updates in Your Inbox Keep up to date with our weekly newsletter delivered straight to your inbox. 0000004461 00000 n 0000071826 00000 n McLAURINv.OKLAHOMA STATE REGENTS FOR HIGHER EDUCATION et al. 4039. Joe Buttler Cleek (19482010) FamilySearch It further held that to the extent the Oklahoma statutes denied him admission they were unconstitutional and void. Vinson contended that separating McLaurin from other students would hinder his ability to succeed in achieving higher education. See Sweatt v. Painter, ante, p. 629. This precedent would be echoed in the 1954 case Brown v. Board of Education, which ruled that it was unconstitutional to segregate public schools. 70 Okla. Stat. In 2001, the Bizzell Memorial Library, the main library at the University of Oklahoma, was designated a U.S. National Historic Landmark in commemoration of this case. McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents (1950) | The Encyclopedia McLaurin v. Oklahoma ( 1950) | History 404: US Constitution Fred Hansen, First Assistant Attorney General of Oklahoma, argued the cause for appellees. Ann. Case Summary of Sweatt v. Painter: An African-American law school applicant was denied admission into the University of Texas Law School solely because of his race. Why it matters: The Supreme Court's decision in this case established that the Equal Protection Clause prohibited states from treating students differently on the basis of race. But they signify that the State, in administering the facilities it affords for professional and graduate study, sets McLaurin apart from the other students. Use this button to switch between dark and light mode. Updates? The judgment below is reversed, p. 642. Pp. The plaintiff, George W. McLaurin, who already had a master's degree in education, was first denied admission to the University of Oklahoma to pursue a Doctorate in Education degree. Id. On appeal, the Supreme Court focused on the question of whether officials could treat a student at a state university differently from other students based solely on his race. Such restrictions impair and inhibit his ability to study, to engage in discussions and exchange views with other students, and, in general, to learn his profession.
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