The CCA is calculated using three variables: the number of index publications (r), the number of total publications (N), and the number of SRs within the overview (c). The National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH 2016-2017) estimated that over 22 million U.S. school-aged children are living with one or two or more health conditions, 11 million have special health care needs, and 7.5 million are not receiving needed care coordination (Child and Adolescent Health Measurement Initiative, 2016-2017).With school-aged children spending an average of 180 . Cookies used to make website functionality more relevant to you. Confidence in results ranged from high (three or fewer non-critical weaknesses) to critically low (more than three critical flaws with or without non-critical weaknesses) [17]. Copyright: 2019 Levinson et al. Meta-analysis indicated small, yet statistically significant, reductions in body mass index (BMI), BMI z-score, and BMI percentile for both obesity treatment and prevention [26]. unclear if a health provider was involved), followed by if less than 50% of studies within a SR fulfilled all inclusion criteria. Saving Lives, Protecting People, Research Brief: Addressing the Needs of Students with Chronic Health Conditions: Strategies for Schools, Research Brief: Chronic Health Conditions and Academic Achievement, Fact Sheet: Health Insurance for Children: How Schools Can Help, Fact Sheet: Managing Chronic Health Conditions in Schools: The Role of the School Nurse, National Center for Medical Home Implementation School Nurses Linking with the Medical Home, Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS), National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviors and Academic Grades, Tobacco Product Use Behaviors and Academic Grades, Other Health Behaviors and Academic Grades, Characteristics of an Effective Curriculum, Tips for Promoting School Employee Wellness, Physical Education Curriculum Analysis Tool, Health Education Curriculum Analysis Tool (HECAT), Body Mass Index (BMI) Measurement in Schools, Inclusive School Physical Education and Physical Activity, Physical Activity Before and After School, What School Nutrition Professionals Need to Know About COVID-19, Modifying School Spaces During Mealtimes to Reduce Spread of COVID-19, Supporting Students with Chronic Health Conditions in School-Based OST Programs, Healthy and Supportive School Environments, Strategies to Create a Healthy and Supportive School Environment, Strategies to Help Parents and Families Create Healthy and Supportive School Environments, How Families Can Support Student Health and Emotional Well-being, Toolkit for Schools: Engaging Parents to Support Student Health and Emotional Well-being, School Health Policies and Practices Study (SHPPS), e-Learning Series: Training Tools for Healthy Schools, Comprehensive School Physical Activity Program, Guide to Evaluating Professional Development, Understanding the Training of Trainers Model, Professional Development Follow-Up Support, How to Build a Training Cadre: A Step-by-Step Process, Guide to Promoting Professional Development, Whole School, Whole Community, Whole Child (WSCC), Encourage healthy eating in school and at home, Dental Sealants Can Improve Students Oral Health, Give Your Kids a Healthy Body and Mind This Summer, Engaging Parents to Promote Healthy Schools, Funded Nongovernmental Organizations for Healthy Schools, BAM! Meaningful use (MU) of Electronic Health Records (EHRs) is an important development in the safety and security of health care delivery in the United States. Another important gap that this overview reveals is a lack of research on interventions carried out in LMIC and low-income countries (LIC). This is problematic given that health disparities for children and adolescents are greater in LMIC and LIC than in higher income countries [10]. The search strategy is presented in S2 Appendix. Healthy and Ready to Learn: School Nurses Improve Equity and Access The primary objective of this overview was to explore the effectiveness of school-based or school-linked health services delivered by a health provider for improving the health of school-age children and adolescents. Data items included the research design of the SR and primary studies, sample description and setting, intervention characteristics, outcomes, meta-analysis results, quality appraisal, and conclusions. Now, as both schools and health care systems seek to ensure that children coping with chronic conditions such as diabetes and asthma get the comprehensive, coordinated care the students need, the schools and health systems are forming partnerships to better integrate their services. broad scope, and wide readership a perfect fit for your research every time. The remaining Cochrane review was given a critically low level of confidence, though this may be because it was published in 2006 and standards for both the methods and reporting of Cochrane reviews have improved in recent years. Web Annex B. The AMSTAR 2 checklist [17] was used to appraise quality of included SRs. When used properly, EHRs have the potential to "maximize quality, decrease cost, and prevent errors, as well as promote the interoperability of school health records with providers in other care settings." School nurses might use an EHR for: Tracking student health trends Ensuring health documentation is secure and compliant WHO guideline on school health services It provides useful information on the progress and development made within the school. Tips for Selecting an Electronic Documentation System, Healthcare Information and Management Systems(HIMSS), U.S. Department of Health & Human Services: Health Information Privacy, Your Rights Under HIPAA. Thank you for taking the time to confirm your preferences. You can review and change the way we collect information below. Importance of School Records Management: What Your Competitors Say Building on a method suggested by Shea and colleagues [17], grades of confidence in the results of each SR were generated based on critical flaws and non-critical weaknesses. Importance of Cumulative Records. Hardware interventions included provision of sanitary products and software interventions focused on menstrual management education. School Health Services | Healthy Schools | CDC The final two items in the four-item checklist are (3) date of publication to ensure that results are up-to-date, and (4) matching of the scope to confirm that primary studies within SRs are relevant to the overview. One reviewer (JL) assessed all SRs and a second (KK) duplicated appraisal of 10%, with 94% agreement and only minor disagreements that did not impact grades of confidence. Six SRs included at least one study from countries with lower-middle income or lower income economies [18,21,22,28,35,36]. It was also designed to suggest further research in areas where recent systematic reviews (SRs) exist, but with insufficient evidence. Through a comprehensive literature search, the overview aimed to identify health areas and specific school health service interventions that have at least some evidence of effectiveness. A detailed search strategy was iteratively developed in consultation with a librarian experienced in SRs and an expert in school health services. This was never required as consensus was always reached. A school official must make a reasonable effort to notify the parent before complying with the subpoena unless the subpoena is issued to enforce a law and specifies not to notify the parent. Given the wide reach of schools and the fact that school health services already exist in most countries, international guidelines are needed to clarify whether school health services can be effective, and if so, which interventions should and should not be included. Funding issues. The effectiveness of school-based mental health services was assessed in nine SRs (Table 3C) [19,23,24,28,29,3234,36,39]. We are also grateful for advice from the WHO school health services guideline Steering Group and Guideline Development Group members. You may know to keep a file of those records. David Anthony Ross, Affiliation: S3 Appendix. Finally, overlap of primary trials between SRs can bias results of an overview [15]. After removal of 705 articles with definitely ineligible titles/abstracts, 445 full text articles were screened using the ranked inclusion/exclusion criteria (S1 Appendix). It is unclear if this finding indicates a lack of primary studies on comprehensive or multi-component school health services, or if primary studies do exist but no SR has been conducted. Meta-analysis found small but statistically significant effect sizes in favor of music therapy for gestural communication, verbal communication, and behavioral problems [23]. Today, electronic patient records are the accepted norm. 20 SRs fulfilled all inclusion criteria and were included in this overview. School health assessments give schools a snapshot in time of programs and policies that address student and staff health. The World Health Organization (WHO) launched the Global School Health Initiative in 1995 with the goal to improve child, adolescent and community health through health promotion and programming in schools [1]. However, there was no risk of bias assessment in this SR and therefore the results must be interpreted cautiously. Comprehensive school programs that promote healthy school environments, health and nutrition literacy, and physical activity are one of the six key areas for ending childhood obesity recommended by WHO [45]. The grading system is available in Tables E and F in S6 Appendix. Any of these three school health assessments will be helpful in data-driven decision making and action planning. Given that FRIENDS has been endorsed by WHO [44] and was found to be effective in decreasing anxiety symptoms in all four SRs where it was mentioned in this overview [28,32,34,39], policy makers and school health officials may consider incorporating this or similar programs into existing school health services. Cookies used to track the effectiveness of CDC public health campaigns through clickthrough data. More than half of all suicides in 2021 - 26,328 out of 48,183, or 55% - also involved a gun, the highest percentage since 2001. High overlap can contribute to biased results [15]. Electronic health records: An essential tool in keeping students healthy (Position Statement). A PHR also empowers you to manage your health between visits. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. While various guidance documents have been published by United Nations (UN) organizations addressing a range of services from oral health to malaria [37], there is no internationally accepted guideline regarding school health services. In addition, school health data provides the potential to determine the most effective interventions to support the well being of children. Strongest evidence in favor of oral health interventions emerged from a SR on universal topical application of fluoride gel for the prevention of dental caries [25]. The remaining three SRs also assessed FRIENDS and PRP along with additional often-overlapping programs. The data was too heterogeneous to meta-analyze, and the authors determined that the certainty of the evidence of the benefit of dental screening in increasing dental attendance was very low [18]. Copyright 2022 webdev. In 2015, the global means for the primary and secondary net school enrollment rates were 90% and 65%, respectively, thus the potential reach of school health services is wide [8]. Gold and colleagues assessed daily music therapy as an intervention to improve verbal and gestural communicative skills and reduce behavioral problems in children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder [23]. (PDF) The Importance of Health Records - ResearchGate The most common reasons for exclusion were, first, if at least 50% of studies included within a SR were unclear for at least one criterion (e.g. If you need to go back and make any changes, you can always do so by going to our Privacy Policy page. Arora and colleagues did not find any RCTs that looked at the effectiveness of dental health screening versus no screening on improving oral health outcomes, but their search did locate six RCTs from the United Kingdom and India with dental care attendance as the outcome [18]. As part of the records types, the academic records are known as an important asset for . In addition, school-age childrenand adolescents have positive physical, sexual,psychosocial and neurocognitive health anddevelopment needs as they progress from childhoodto adulthood. . Table F. Answers to AMSTAR 2 checklist questions 116.
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