Structurally, all connective tissues contain cells that are embedded in an extracellular matrix stabilized by proteins. The matrix is the most abundant feature for loose tissue although adipose tissue does not have much extracellular matrix. Some cells have the ability to cross the endothelial layer that lines vessels and enter adjacent tissues. As you might expect, a fibrocyte, a less active form of fibroblast, is the second most common cell type in connective tissue proper. Want to cite, share, or modify this book? This is a factor contributing to the very slow healing of cartilaginous tissues. It derives its name from the Latin reticulus, which means little net.. Ligaments connect bones together and withstand a lot of stress. (Micrograph provided by the Regents of University of Michigan Medical School 2012), Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, Identify and distinguish between the types of connective tissue: proper, supportive, and fluid, Explain the functions of connective tissues, cells, ground substance, and carbohydrate fibers, cells, ground substance, and protein fibers, collagen, ground substance, and protein fibers. Function: tensile strength with the ability to . (b) Dense irregular connective tissue consists of collagenous fibers interwoven into a mesh-like network. Connective tissues separate and cushion organs, protecting them from shifting or traumatic injury. What is tendinitis and how did it happen? Erythrocytes, or red blood cells, transport the gases oxygen and carbon dioxide. As a consequence, it displays greater resistance to stretching. Erythrocytes, red blood cells, transport oxygen and some carbon dioxide. Learn more about how Pressbooks supports open publishing practices. are licensed under a, Structural Organization of the Human Body, Elements and Atoms: The Building Blocks of Matter, Inorganic Compounds Essential to Human Functioning, Organic Compounds Essential to Human Functioning, Nervous Tissue Mediates Perception and Response, Diseases, Disorders, and Injuries of the Integumentary System, Exercise, Nutrition, Hormones, and Bone Tissue, Calcium Homeostasis: Interactions of the Skeletal System and Other Organ Systems, Embryonic Development of the Axial Skeleton, Development and Regeneration of Muscle Tissue, Interactions of Skeletal Muscles, Their Fascicle Arrangement, and Their Lever Systems, Axial Muscles of the Head, Neck, and Back, Axial Muscles of the Abdominal Wall, and Thorax, Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limbs, Appendicular Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limbs, Basic Structure and Function of the Nervous System, Circulation and the Central Nervous System, Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System, Organs with Secondary Endocrine Functions, Development and Aging of the Endocrine System, The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels and Circulation, Blood Flow, Blood Pressure, and Resistance, Homeostatic Regulation of the Vascular System, Development of Blood Vessels and Fetal Circulation, Anatomy of the Lymphatic and Immune Systems, Barrier Defenses and the Innate Immune Response, The Adaptive Immune Response: T lymphocytes and Their Functional Types, The Adaptive Immune Response: B-lymphocytes and Antibodies, Diseases Associated with Depressed or Overactive Immune Responses, Energy, Maintenance, and Environmental Exchange, Organs and Structures of the Respiratory System, Embryonic Development of the Respiratory System, Digestive System Processes and Regulation, Accessory Organs in Digestion: The Liver, Pancreas, and Gallbladder, Chemical Digestion and Absorption: A Closer Look, Regulation of Fluid Volume and Composition, Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance, Human Development and the Continuity of Life, Anatomy and Physiology of the Male Reproductive System, Anatomy and Physiology of the Female Reproductive System, Development of the Male and Female Reproductive Systems, Maternal Changes During Pregnancy, Labor, and Birth, Adjustments of the Infant at Birth and Postnatal Stages, https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology/pages/1-introduction, https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology/pages/4-key-terms, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. This is not where connective tissue roles end. Connective tissue proper includes loose connective tissue and dense connective tissue. In bone, the matrix is rigid and described as calcified because of the deposited calcium salts. Both components of the matrix, organic and inorganic, contribute to the unusual properties of bone. The three broad categories of connective tissue are classified according to the characteristics of their ground substance and the types of fibers found within the matrix ([link]). Bones are made of a rigid, mineralized matrix containing calcium salts, crystals, and osteocytes lodged in lacunae. Tendinitis is the inflammation of a tendon, the thick band of dense regular connective tissue that attaches a muscle to a bone. The roots ped and pod mean "foot." The root phob means "fear." The root port means "to carry" or "bring." We also acknowledge previous National Science Foundation support under grant numbers 1246120, 1525057, and 1413739. Bone is a highly vascularized tissue. A. The external ear contains elastic cartilage. This ground substance is usually a fluid, but it can also be mineralized and solid, as in bones. 1999-2023, Rice University. Compact bone is solid and has greater structural strength. Reticular cells produce the reticular fibers that form the network onto which other cells attach. After examining your swollen wrist, the doctor in the emergency room announces that you have developed wrist tendinitis. Blood and lymph are fluid connective tissues. Blood cells, and the cells of all other connective tissues, come from the same kind of embryonic stem cell. Unlike cartilage, bone tissue can recover from injuries in a relatively short time. Leukocytes, or white blood cells, are responsible for the defense of the organism against potentially harmful microorganisms or molecules. This is a factor contributing to the very slow healing of cartilaginous tissues. Areolar tissue shows little specialization. Tendinitis is routinely diagnosed through a clinical examination. It contains all the cell types and fibers previously described and is distributed in a random, web-like fashion. Surface Tension, the resistance of the surface to external forces is a result of the attraction of the molecules and the level of hydrogen bonding. Connective tissue in the tendon does not have abundant blood supply and heals slowly. Young, James A. Factors Affecting Sensory Acceptance of Thickened Liquids Used in Loose connective tissue proper includes adipose tissue, areolar tissue, and reticular tissue. Determine the electric field strength of the precipitator. and you must attribute OpenStax. In this way, specialized lymphatic capillaries transport absorbed fats away from the intestine and deliver these molecules to the blood. It can appear yellow and owes its color to carotene and related pigments from plant food. 45 Areolar Connective Tissue (Loose) -function: wraps and cushions organs; its macrophages phagocytize bacteria; plays an important role in inflammation; holds and conveys tissue fluid Reticular Connective Tissue resembles areolar tissue but the matrix is made up of only reticular fibers, found in bone marrow, spleen, liver, and lymph nodes connective tissue proper loose connective tissue, adipose. In fluid connective tissue, in other words, lymph and blood, various specialized cells circulate in a watery fluid containing salts, nutrients, and dissolved proteins. Both tissues have a variety of cell types and protein fibers suspended in a viscous ground substance. Dense regular elastic tissue contains elastin fibers in addition to collagen fibers, which allows the ligament to return to its original length after stretching. The matrix contains very few blood vessels. Blood is a fluid connective tissue, a variety of specialized cells that circulate in a watery fluid containing salts, nutrients, and dissolved proteins in a liquid extracellular matrix. Loose connective tissue is found between many organs where it acts both to absorb shock and bind tissues together. Connective Tissue Supports and Protects by OpenStaxCollege is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted. All of these fiber types are embedded in ground substance. Under, or deep to, the superficial fascia is the deep fascia. Answered: adipose collagen, reticular, elastic | bartleby Lastly, found in between the deep fascia and the serous membranes, is the subserous fascia. Tendinitis is the inflammation of a tendon, the thick band of fibrous connective tissue that attaches a muscle to a bone. A large number of capillaries allow rapid storage and mobilization of lipid molecules. They are found throughout the body, but are most abundant in the reticular tissue of soft organs, such as liver and spleen, where they anchor and provide structural support to the parenchyma (the functional cells, blood vessels, and nerves of the organ). Elastic cartilage can stretch and recoil to its original shape because of its high content of elastic fibers. energy- rich fat cells - richly vascularized (provide blood vessels, high metabolic activity) What is the function of adipose tissue? That dull ache in the wrist that you ignored through the summer is now an unbearable pain. It provides protection to internal organs and supports the body. Human Anatomy and Physiology Global Edition - (4 - Tissue - Studocu (Micrograph provided by the Regents of University of Michigan Medical School 2012), (a) Dense regular connective tissue consists of collagenous fibers packed into parallel bundles. Dense irregular connective tissue. Dense irregular elastic tissues give arterial walls the strength and the ability to regain original shape after stretching ([link]). Explain surface tension. The extracellular matrix contains fluid, proteins, polysaccharide derivatives, and, in the case of bone, mineral crystals. areolar. Collagen fibers, while flexible, have great tensile strength, resist stretching, and give ligaments and tendons their characteristic resilience and strength. capillary action: If the adhesive forces are _____ than the cohesive forces, the attraction to the surface draws the liquid up the tube and the cohesive forces pull along those molecules not in direct contact with the tube walls
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